Dry eye
Dry eye is a common, treatable condition that becomes more frequent with age. It happens when the eyes do not produce enough tears, when tears evaporate too quickly, or when tear quality is poor — leading to dryness, irritation, burning and redness. A sight test helps confirm dry eye, rule out other conditions, and plan day-to-day relief, including home visits when travel is difficult. Call 07458 693608 to book a home eye test across the Midlands.
Common symptoms
Dry eye syndrome can cause a gritty, scratchy or burning sensation, redness, and a feeling like something is in the eye. Some people notice excessive tearing, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, eye fatigue, or difficulty wearing contact lenses. Irritation, itching, soreness, and a sensation of dryness are also common. Symptoms may worsen in dry air, wind, or after long periods on a screen.
What causes dry eye
Dry eye occurs when there is not enough moisture on the surface of the eye, or when tears evaporate too quickly. Ageing is a frequent factor. Environmental conditions such as dry air or wind can contribute, as can hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause.
Medical conditions — including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune disorders that affect moisture-producing glands — may play a role. Certain medications, such as antihistamines and antidepressants, can reduce tear production or worsen symptoms. Eyelid problems, refractive eye surgery, contact lens wear, and prolonged use of digital devices are other common contributors. Identifying the mix of factors for each person is part of a thorough sight test.
How the tear film works
The tear film has three main layers. The outer lipid layer, produced by the meibomian glands in the eyelids, helps limit evaporation and keep the eye lubricated. The middle aqueous layer, from the lacrimal gland, flushes debris and nourishes the cornea. The inner mucin layer, from goblet cells in the conjunctiva, spreads the aqueous layer evenly so the surface stays moist.
Disruption to any layer can lead to dryness, irritation, or redness. Which layer is affected guides practical advice — from lid care and warm compresses to lubricating drops.
Dry eye and allergies
Dry eyes and allergic eye reactions can feel similar: discomfort, irritation, redness, fatigue, blurred vision, and sensitivity. Allergies may also cause itchy eyes, watering, sneezing, runny nose, or congestion. Pollen, dust, and pet dander are common triggers. Dry air, wind, and smoke can aggravate both conditions.
Antihistamines and decongestants can sometimes worsen dryness, so an examination helps clarify whether allergy, dry eye, or both are present before choosing treatment.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on severity and underlying cause. Many people begin with lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) to supplement the tear film. Drops may contain lubricants for short-term relief, electrolytes to support natural tear balance, anti-inflammatory ingredients to reduce discomfort, or immunomodulators where immune-related dry eye is diagnosed — always following professional guidance on use.
Other options may include prescription drops, punctal plugs that slow tear drainage, omega-3 supplements, and changes to screen habits, hydration, and environment — your optometrist can advise after examination.
Warm compresses for dry eye
Warm compresses are a simple home measure that may improve circulation and stimulate the glands involved in tear production. To use a warm compress: fill a clean bowl with warm water (warm to the touch, not hot); soak a clean washcloth, wring out excess water; close your eyes and place the cloth over your eyelids; hold it in place for 5 to 10 minutes; repeat two to three times per day if comfortable.
Pair compresses with screen breaks and lubricating drops when needed; persistent symptoms still warrant a sight test.
When to seek help
Persistent discomfort, pain, sudden vision change, or eye discharge should be assessed promptly. If dry eye symptoms continue despite sensible home measures, book a sight test so causes can be checked and treatment tailored. Regular eye tests also help track change if you manage other long-term conditions that affect the eyes.
How a home eye test helps
A home eye test includes the clinical checks needed to detect and monitor dry eye, using portable equipment. We adapt the examination for patients with mobility, cognitive, or communication needs — the same standard of care as a practice visit, in your own home or care setting.
For practical guidance on lubricating drops, see our article Hycosan Shield eye drops for dry eye.
To book or check NHS eligibility, see our home eye tests overview and eye tests at home for the elderly if travel to a high-street optician is difficult. Call 07458 693608 with any questions.
Clinically reviewed by
Ranjeet 'Randy' Bains
Principal optometrist · BSc (Hons) MCOptom
Randy has spent 18 years providing home eye care across Coventry and the Midlands — unhurried visits for housebound patients, families and care homes, with a focus on dementia-friendly examinations and low vision.